Editing

the idea of editing is coordinating the different shots in order to create a coherent whole. This system of editing is continuity editing - its purpose is to create and provide efficient and artful transitions.

• In filmmaking, the task selecting and joining and camera takes.
• In the finished film, the set of techniques that governs the relation among shots

Editing is the process of preparing language, images, or sound through correction, condensation, organisation, and or other modifications in various media.. Editing is therefore, also a practice that includes creative skills, human relations.

Juxtaposition and meaning

Edwin S. Porter, the great train robbery 1903 shots in sequence to create meaning for audience. From exterior shots to set, audience is encouraged to believe the events they see are immediatley sequential.

The Kuleshov Effect

• Lev Kuleshov, cicra 1920: intercut an actors face with unrelated footage taken later.
• Audiences interpreted emotional responses on the actors face based on the juxtaposition.

Contrast 'four main functions' of film editing

• Make sure that the production is the required length of time.
• To remove unwanted material or mistakes
• To alter if needed the the way or the sequence in which events will be portrayed
• To establlish the particular style and character of a production

Graphic Relations

•  A graphic match is acheived by joining 2 shots together that have a similarity in terms of light/dark line or shape, volume or depth, movement or stasis.
• A graphically discontinuous edit creates a clash of visual content by joinuing 2 shots that are disimilar in terms of on or more of the above things e.g. light or dark.

Rhythmic Relations

• the rhythm shows juxtapositions of longer and shorter shots as well as through transitional devices that can affect the precievers sense of beat or tempo. E.g. Merlin - Short shots and queen longer shots therefore showing authority.

Rhythmic Transitional Devices.

• Straight cut
• Fade out
• Fade in
• Dissolve
• Wipe
• Flip frame
• Jump cut

Temporal Relations

some tv programmes the  narrative duration can vary from 1 hour to 1 year. to show this the characters appearances change to show the duration of the narrative.

Chronology

the two most common disruptions to chronological order are flash backs and flashforwards.


Spatial relations

providing preceivers a reliable sense of the physical space that constitutes the world of film.

• Establishing shot
• Shot/Reverse shot
• Eyeline match (POV shot)
• Re-establishing shot

Thematic Relations

Editors have thier disposal tow very powerful techniques for manipulating the preceivers place in the hierachy of knowledge, and therefore affecting our thematic understanding of the film.

Montage Sequences
Cross Cut Editing