Camera Angles

Establishment Shot - shots of an industrial building or area from bird's eye perspective. often these shots are used at the begining of the scene to identify which city the action is taking place. For example Big Ben would identify London. 

Master Shot - A  film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view. It is often a long shot and can sometimes perform a double function as an establishing shot.

Close Up -  a close up tightly frames a person or an object. Close-ups often show  alot of detail, such as characters' emotions and textures of the object or face. The shot is then the main focus as the background is not being shown.

Long Shot - (sometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.

Mid Shot - A mid shot is frequently used for a scene where alot of emotion is being expressed as the person is shot from the waist up therefore you can easily see the emotions in their face.Secondly they work well to show body language.

Two - Shot - 

A Two shot is a type of shot employed in the film industry in which the frame shows a view of two people (the subjects). The subjects do not have to be next to each other, and there are many common two-shots which have one subject in the foreground and the other subject in the background. The shots are also used to show the emotional reactions between the subjects.

Wide Shot - In the wide shot, the subject takes up the full frame. usually there head is almost at the top and their feet at the bottom. This shot can then show the body language of a particular character.

Aerial Shots - 
 Are usually done with a crane or with a camera attached to a special helicopter to view large landscapes. This sort of shot would be restricted to exterior locations. A good area to do this shot would be a scene that takes place on a building. If the aerial shot is of a character it can make them seem insignificant.

Point of View Shot - 

This shot shows what the character can see and helps the viewers feel more involved in the scene. Frequently  it then proceeds to show the characters reaction to what they have seen therefore making the scene more emotional and dramatic.

Over the Shoulder Shot -

This shot is framed from behind a person who is looking at the subject. The person facing the subject should usually occupy about 1/3 of the frame.

This shot helps to establish the position of each person, and get the feel of looking at one person from the other's point of view.

It's common to cut between these shots during a conversation, alternating the view between the different speakers.

Angles

 

High Angle Shot

In film, a high angle shot is usually when the camera is located above the eye line.

High angle shots also make the figure or object seem vulnerable or powerless.

High angle shots are usually used in film to make the moment more dramatic or if there is someone at a high level that the character below is talking to.

Low Angle Shot -
A Low angled shot is normally used to make either a person or and object bigger than they are to make them look more imposing and powerful furthermore it creates an impression of vulnerability of the character looking up and adds more drama to the scene.

Canted Angle Shot -
Sometimes the camera is tilted to suggest imbalance, transition and instability. This method is very popular in horro movies. This technique is used to suggest point-of-View shots the camera then acts as the eyes of the character,seeing what they see. A hand held camera is often used for this.

 Movement

Pan Shot - ---------->

A movement which scans a scene horizontally. The camera is placed on a tripod, which is used as an axis point as the camera is turned, often to follow a moving object which is kept in the middle of the frame, such as a moving vehicle.

  Tilt Movement -
Tilt movemnts are the same as Pan except it is vertical rather than horizontal. They are also used to create an atmosphere at the beginning of a scene to show the viewers where it is set.

Track Movement - <----------| | ----------->

In a tracking shot the camera moves to the left or right, often on a prelaid
track. Tracking shots are normally used to
follow movements across a frame, often moving parallel to characters, and can help
to involve the audience in characters’ actions and discussions.

Dolly Movement -

Similary to track, the dolly movement is placed on a track and and the camera moves along either forwards or backwards to create the effect of getting closer or moving further away from the person or object. the track and dolly differ as track is from the side and dolly is from infront.

Crane Shot -
Crane shots are similar to dolly shots excpet they are in the air. A crane is a useful way of moving a camera - it can move up, down, left, right, moving in on action or moving diagonally out of it to either enter or finish a scene in an effective way.

 

Zoom Movement -

The idea of a zoom movement is to focus up close on a particular person or object and then gradually zoom out untill the area that the person/object is located is completley in the frame.

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Reverse Zoom -

Reverse Zoom is the same as zoom except it is reversed so it zooms out the opposite way.

Composition ( All referred to as depth of field)

Deep Focus -

Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field. Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in an image — that is, how much of it appears sharp and clear. Consequently, in deep focus the foreground, middle-ground and background are all in focus

Shallow Focus -

Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field. In shallow focus one plane of the image is in focus while the rest is out of focus